Inheritance

Definition

Inheritance is the process by which code applying to a given class can be functionally reused by another class with minimal effort. S.N. any Class which inherits from another class possesses an 'IS A' relationship (counter to a 'HAS A' relationship). Inheritance is best explained via abstraction, for example if we abstract a Ferret into it's many sub components, we find a Ferret 'IS A' Mamal which 'IS A' Animal. Class abstraction can have numerous degrees of seperation and allows the implementation of inheritance functionality, namely allowing any class in the inheritance chain to become a parent to a new class; for example if we add another mamal to the chain such as tiger, we can have this new class inherit all the functionality of the class Mamal and allow it to posess the exact same base to define itself as we did for Feret.

Inheritance

• Basic example class of a generic animal.

 
Class Animal{
   private int age;
   private string name;
   private enum gender{
      Male,
      female
    };
   public Animal(){ //Class Constructor
      //some code to run when a new instance of the class is created
   }
   public void Walk(){
      //some more code
   }
   public int Age{
      get{ return age; }
      set{ age = value; }
   }
   public string Name{
      get{ return name; }
      set{ name = value; }
   }
   public enum Gender{
      get{ return gender; }
      set{ gender = value; }
   }
}

• A new Mammal class that inherits all aspect of the Animal class e.g name or gender but also adds its own unique

data type, hairColour. This data is not accessible to any objects created from the Animal class.

• Another thing inheritance allows you to do is override existing functions or data types. e.g.

in the Mammal class, the inherited function Walk() is being overridden meaning it can do something completely different to what it does in the Animal class. This is called polymorphism

 
Class Mammal: Animal{
   private enum hairColour{
      White,
      Black,
      Brown,
      Other
   };
   public Mammal(){ //Class Constructor
      //some code to run when a new instance of the class is created
   }
   public override void Walk(){
      //Some different code
   }
   public enum HairColour{
      get{ return hairColour; }
      set{ hairColour = value; }
   }
}