Difference between revisions of "Classification of Programming Languages"

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=Overview=
 
=Overview=
−
 
+
===CraigNDave===
 
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yORSZkhNpZ4&index=1&list=PLCiOXwirraUDJYD-VxmztyhsDP0QM2BHW</youtube>
 
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yORSZkhNpZ4&index=1&list=PLCiOXwirraUDJYD-VxmztyhsDP0QM2BHW</youtube>
  
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yORSZkhNpZ4&index=1&list=PLCiOXwirraUDJYD-VxmztyhsDP0QM2BHW
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yORSZkhNpZ4&index=1&list=PLCiOXwirraUDJYD-VxmztyhsDP0QM2BHW
 +
 +
===Computer Science Tutor===
 +
<youtube>HtUQzhTt3gE</youtube>
 +
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtUQzhTt3gE&list=PL04uZ7242_M6O_6ITD6ncf7EonVHyBeCm&index=15
 +
 +
===TRC Video===
 +
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsRmX3Lnb6M</youtube>
 +
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsRmX3Lnb6M
  
 
=Low Level vs High Level=
 
=Low Level vs High Level=
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==Machine Code==
 
==Machine Code==
−
Machine code is the basic binary information required for a computer to perform a function. It is classified as a 1st generation programming language. Each command is binary pattern, ie 100001 might be load, or 100010 might be add or 100011 might be store.  
+
Machine code is the basic binary information required for a computer to perform a function. It is classified as a '''1st generation''' programming language. Each command is binary pattern, ie 100001 might be load, or 100010 might be add or 100011 might be store.  
  
 
This is essentially writing a program by coding the binary. This provides direct access to the hardware and all programs are converted to machine code at some point.
 
This is essentially writing a program by coding the binary. This provides direct access to the hardware and all programs are converted to machine code at some point.
  
 
==Assembly Language==
 
==Assembly Language==
−
Assembly language is a low level, 2nd generation programming language, purposed towards fast execution and complete control over hardware. It replaces a binary pattern with a more readable mnemonic, ie a command word.
+
Assembly language is a low level, '''2nd generation''' programming language, purposed towards fast execution and complete control over hardware. It replaces a binary pattern with a more readable mnemonic, ie a command word.
  
 
One assembly language instruction is equivalent to one machine code instruction, and an assembler is used to convert the assembly language to machine code.
 
One assembly language instruction is equivalent to one machine code instruction, and an assembler is used to convert the assembly language to machine code.
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==Terms==
 
==Terms==
 
===Mnemonics===
 
===Mnemonics===
−
An identifiable text label for a particular command (rather than requiring a programmer write instructions in binary).
+
An identifiable text label for a particular command (rather than requiring a programmer to write instructions in binary).
  
 
===Source Code===
 
===Source Code===
Line 35: Line 45:
 
===Object Code===
 
===Object Code===
 
The object code is generated by the interpreter, compiler or assembler.
 
The object code is generated by the interpreter, compiler or assembler.
 +
 +
==Benefits of Low Level Languages==
 +
*Programs developed using low level languages are fast and memory efficient.
 +
*Programmers can utilise processor and memory in better way using a low level language.
 +
*There is no need of any compiler or interpreters.
 +
*They provide direct manipulation of computer registers and storage.
 +
*It can directly communicate with hardware devices.
  
 
=High Level Languages=
 
=High Level Languages=
Line 46: Line 63:
  
 
==Imperative==
 
==Imperative==
−
Imperative, or procedural, programming languages break down processes into functions or methods, which are all given mnemonics. A single statement of an imperative language is converted to multiple machine code instructions by a language translator (such as an interpreter or compiler), which are then executed in sequence. Imperative languages are part of the 3rd generation of programming languages. Examples of imperative languages include C++, Python and Visual Basic.
+
Your code focuses on creating statements that change program states by creating algorithms that tell the computer how to do things. It closely relates to how hardware works. Your code will make use of sequence, selection, and repetition.
 +
 
 +
Imperative, or procedural, programming languages break down processes into functions or methods, which are all given command words.  
 +
 
 +
A single statement of an imperative language is converted to multiple machine code instructions by a language translator (such as an interpreter or compiler), which are then executed in sequence.  
 +
 
 +
Imperative languages are part of the '''3rd generation''' of programming languages. Examples of imperative languages include C++, Python and Visual Basic.
  
 
==Declarative==
 
==Declarative==
−
Often referred to as Fourth Generation Languages, Declarative languages allow the programmer to specify what they want to produce, without having to say how to achieve it.
+
Often referred to as '''4th generation''' Languages, Declarative languages allow the programmer to specify what they want to produce, without having to say how to achieve it.
  
 
For example SQL is declarative, you say what you want to select, where to select it from, and what conditions apply. The SQL server will then execute your request according to its coding and provide you with the results.
 
For example SQL is declarative, you say what you want to select, where to select it from, and what conditions apply. The SQL server will then execute your request according to its coding and provide you with the results.
  
−
=Paradigms=
+
==Benefits of High Level Languages==
−
==Object Oriented==
+
*They are programmer friendly (easy to write, debug and maintain).
−
OOP languages are based on the emulation of real world '''''objects''''' and their relationships and interactions with each other. The basis of object oriented programming is situated on the re-usability and conservation of large scale code/programming structures; for example, a video game makes extensive use of object oriented programming by defining complex object hierarchies, such as:
+
*Higher level of abstraction, one command equates to many machine code instructions.
 +
*It is machine independent language.
 +
*Easy to learn.
 +
*Less error prone, easy to find and debug errors.
 +
*Better programming productivity
  
−
:Object
+
=Quiz=
−
::Sprite
+
<quiz display=simple>
−
:::PlayableSprite
 
−
::::MainCharacter
 
−
:::EnemySprite
 
−
::::BossMonster
 
−
::::BufferMonster
 
−
:::StaticSprite
 
−
::::Block
 
−
::::TreasureChest
 
−
etc...
 
  
−
for more information see [[Object Orientated Programming]]
+
{ What is the only First generation language?
 +
| type=" () " }
 +
- SQL
 +
|| SQL is actually a fourth generation language.
 +
- PHP
 +
|| PHP is an example of a third generation language.
 +
+ Machine Code
 +
|| Correct, it consists of only binary values.
 +
- Assembly language
 +
|| Assembly language is based off of a first generation language, but it isn't one.
  
−
==Event Driven==
+
{ Which of these is an imperative programming language?
−
Event driven programs continuously run, the user will need to quit or exit to stop the program. You will have used these for windows form applications.
+
| type="()" }
  
−
===Events===
+
- SQL
−
These are actions by the user or the system
+
||Incorrect.
 +
- Prolog
 +
||Incorrect.
 +
+ C++
 +
||Correct.
  
−
===Components===
+
{ Which generation does not use mnemonics?
−
reusable interface elements such as buttons, textbox, or labels etc. Events can happen to individual components.
+
| type="()" }
  
−
===Event Loop===
+
+ Gen 1
−
This is the part that continuously runs, it is designed to listen for the events programmed by the developer. Once this section is run it will be run again, and again, and again. Hence the term event loop.
+
||Correct.
 +
- Gen 2
 +
||Incorrect.
 +
- Gen 3
 +
||Incorrect.
 +
- Gen 4 and above.
 +
||Incorrect.
  
−
===Trigger Functions===
+
{What generation of programming language is C++?
−
Trigger functions are added to the event loop for each event the program should detect. These trigger functions will be triggered when the specific event is detected.
+
| type="()"}
 +
- 1st
 +
- 2nd
 +
+ 3rd
 +
- 4th
  
−
===Event Handler===
+
{What level of programming language is harder for the user to understand?
−
The trigger function will run the event handler when triggered. The event handler is therefore the code to run when the event is detected.
+
| type="()"}
 +
+ Low level language
 +
- High level language
  
−
==Procedural==
+
{Which of the following are higher level 3rd generation languages?
 +
| type="[]"}
 +
- C
 +
+ VB
 +
- C++
 +
+ Python
 +
- Assembly Language
  
−
Your experience of C# is procedural, it is the process of replacing often repeating code by giving it a name for the sub routine. Then any time you wish to run the code you can simply call it by name.
+
{What is the relationship between assembly language and machine code?
 +
| type="()"}
 +
+ 1 line of assembly language = 1 line of machine code
 +
- 1 line of assembly language = 2 line of machine code
  
−
==Logical==
+
{When should you use low level languages
 +
|type="[]"}
 +
+In time critical situations.
 +
-In college to look good.
 +
+In error critical situations.
 +
-Everyday use.
  
−
==Functional==
+
{ Why are Low level languages still used?
 +
|type="()" }
 +
- Why not?
 +
- Prevents damage to the computer.
 +
+ Allows low level access to the PC hardware.
  
−
for more information see [[Fundamentals of functional programming]]
+
</quiz>

Latest revision as of 08:37, 23 August 2023

Overview

CraigNDave

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yORSZkhNpZ4&index=1&list=PLCiOXwirraUDJYD-VxmztyhsDP0QM2BHW

Computer Science Tutor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HtUQzhTt3gE&list=PL04uZ7242_M6O_6ITD6ncf7EonVHyBeCm&index=15

TRC Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsRmX3Lnb6M

Low Level vs High Level

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl-96ZypmpQ&list=PLCiOXwirraUDJYD-VxmztyhsDP0QM2BHW&index=2

Low Level Languages

Machine Code

Machine code is the basic binary information required for a computer to perform a function. It is classified as a 1st generation programming language. Each command is binary pattern, ie 100001 might be load, or 100010 might be add or 100011 might be store.

This is essentially writing a program by coding the binary. This provides direct access to the hardware and all programs are converted to machine code at some point.

Assembly Language

Assembly language is a low level, 2nd generation programming language, purposed towards fast execution and complete control over hardware. It replaces a binary pattern with a more readable mnemonic, ie a command word.

One assembly language instruction is equivalent to one machine code instruction, and an assembler is used to convert the assembly language to machine code.

Relationship Between Machine Code & Assembly Language

One machine code instruction will create one assembly language instruction. Remember assembly language is essentially replacing a binary pattern with a command word.

Terms

Mnemonics

An identifiable text label for a particular command (rather than requiring a programmer to write instructions in binary).

Source Code

The source code is a program as written by the programmer.

Object Code

The object code is generated by the interpreter, compiler or assembler.

Benefits of Low Level Languages

  • Programs developed using low level languages are fast and memory efficient.
  • Programmers can utilise processor and memory in better way using a low level language.
  • There is no need of any compiler or interpreters.
  • They provide direct manipulation of computer registers and storage.
  • It can directly communicate with hardware devices.

High Level Languages

The main characteristics of a high level language are:

  • It is easier for the programmer to identify what a command does (English words)
  • High level languages need to be translated
  • One command in a high level language represents many lines of code in assembler or machine code
  • They are portable between systems
  • More straight forward to program
  • Wider variety of data structures

Imperative

Your code focuses on creating statements that change program states by creating algorithms that tell the computer how to do things. It closely relates to how hardware works. Your code will make use of sequence, selection, and repetition.

Imperative, or procedural, programming languages break down processes into functions or methods, which are all given command words.

A single statement of an imperative language is converted to multiple machine code instructions by a language translator (such as an interpreter or compiler), which are then executed in sequence.

Imperative languages are part of the 3rd generation of programming languages. Examples of imperative languages include C++, Python and Visual Basic.

Declarative

Often referred to as 4th generation Languages, Declarative languages allow the programmer to specify what they want to produce, without having to say how to achieve it.

For example SQL is declarative, you say what you want to select, where to select it from, and what conditions apply. The SQL server will then execute your request according to its coding and provide you with the results.

Benefits of High Level Languages

  • They are programmer friendly (easy to write, debug and maintain).
  • Higher level of abstraction, one command equates to many machine code instructions.
  • It is machine independent language.
  • Easy to learn.
  • Less error prone, easy to find and debug errors.
  • Better programming productivity

Quiz

1. What is the only First generation language?

SQL
→ SQL is actually a fourth generation language.
PHP
→ PHP is an example of a third generation language.
Machine Code
→ Correct, it consists of only binary values.
Assembly language
→ Assembly language is based off of a first generation language, but it isn't one.

2. Which of these is an imperative programming language?

SQL
→Incorrect.
Prolog
→Incorrect.
C++
→Correct.

3. Which generation does not use mnemonics?

Gen 1
→Correct.
Gen 2
→Incorrect.
Gen 3
→Incorrect.
Gen 4 and above.
→Incorrect.

4. What generation of programming language is C++?

1st
2nd
3rd
4th

5. What level of programming language is harder for the user to understand?

Low level language
High level language

6. Which of the following are higher level 3rd generation languages?

C
VB
C++
Python
Assembly Language

7. What is the relationship between assembly language and machine code?

1 line of assembly language = 1 line of machine code
1 line of assembly language = 2 line of machine code

8. When should you use low level languages

In time critical situations.
In college to look good.
In error critical situations.
Everyday use.

9. Why are Low level languages still used?

Why not?
Prevents damage to the computer.
Allows low level access to the PC hardware.

Your score is 0 / 0
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